Lookup Tables
Replacing values with other values in R.
	- Remember that if there are NA values, change them with 
replace_na. 
Lookup List
Using a list with names gets the job done, but I do not think it is
very efficient. You can make a function or use list access [...].
how_often_1 = c("A","B","C","Long month","E","F")
how_often_lookup = set_names(seq_along(how_often_1),how_often_1)
Examples:
ex= c("E","B","Long month","A","B","B")
how_often_lookup["E"]
how_often_lookup[ex]
often_to_number <- function(x) how_often_lookup[x]
often_to_number(ex)
Lookup Table
Use a left join. You will have to make sure the column names
match. Use rename if you want to change the value column name.
gpa_values <- tribble(
    ~grade, ~value,
    "A"   ,  4,
    "B"   ,  3,
    "C"   ,  2,
    "D"   ,  1,
    "F"   ,  0,
    )
Example usage:
grades <- tribble(
   ~person, ~science_grade,
   "Amanda", "A",
   "Gunn", "B",
   "Santiago", "A",
   "Carmen", "F",
   "Isabel", "D",
   "Allende","C",
   "Ghost", NA,
)
grades %>% 
  left_join(gpa_values, by=c("science_grade"="grade")) %>%
  rename(science_gp = value)